Articles:
[a or an and the] are called articles.
Definite (which can be defined) article: the.
The is called the definite article because it normally points out some particular person or thing.
e.g. He saw the doctor. (i.e he met a particular doctor)
the Sun, the moon, the Earth, the continent of Asia, etc.
→ Before the known things or which have been previously mentioned:
- I have a parrot. The parrot is green.
- Do you know where I left the keys?
→ Before singular nouns representing the whole class:
- The horse is a noble animal.
- The rose is the sweetest of all flowers.
- She has given a lot of money to the poor.
→ Before singular countable nouns, plural countable nouns, and uncountable nouns.
e.g. the book, the milk, the boy, etc.
Put some ice in the juice.
The book can be our best friend.
→Before some proper names (Name of rivers, mountain ranges, deserts, groups of islands, canals, and oceans) :
the pacific, the Sahara, the Indus, the Himalayas, the Irish republic, the United Kingdom, etc.
- Their ship crossed the Atlantic in three days.
- They caught fish from the Ravi.
- Hiking across the Himalayas would be difficult.
→ Before some famous buildings, museums, or monuments:
- We went to the Lahore Museum.
- Sara visited the Faisal Mosque.
The Holy Quran, the Wonderful Wizard of Oz, etc.
- Nida reads the Holy Quran daily in the morning.
- The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is an American children's novel.
→ Before the names of people or things unique to their kind
the Sun, the ocean, the sea, the earth, the sky, etc.
- Clouds drifted across the sky.
- The sun sets at 7 o'clock in the evening.
→ Before superlatives of adjective and ordinal numbers:
The funniest, the most beautiful, the greatest, the third, etc.
- The darkest cloud has a silver lining.
- This is the best book in Urdu.
- This is the third time I have called you today.
Indefinite article:
a and an are known as indefinite articles because they usually leave the person or thing spoken of indefinite.
Indefinite articles are used before singular countable nouns
→ When the word starts with the vowel sound "an" is used:
e.g. an apple, an orange, an umbrella, an enemy, etc.
→ While some words have initial consonants which are not pronounced "an" is used:
e.g. an hour, an honest man, an heir, an honorable citizen, etc.
in hour, honest, heir, and honorable the initial consonant is not pronounced (silent).
→ When the sound of a word starts with the consonant sound "a" is used
e.g. a boy, a singer, a TV, a girl, a man, a bag, etc.
→ When the sound of a word starts with the sound of "yu" or w "a" is used
e.g. a university, a union, a European, a one, etc.
The sound of university, union, and European start with "yu" and one with "w"
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Test No. 1:
Read the given paragraph and notice the use of articles.
There were dark clouds in the sky. I took an umbrella and walked to the market. I bought an ice cream from the shop. I saw a cat near a tree outside that shop. She looked hungry. I bought a packet of biscuits and broke them into pieces. Then I gave these biscuits to her. She ate them thankfully.
Test No. 2:
Vi. Tick (✔) the correct option.
- There is _____ book on the table. (a or an)
- Sara had _____ egg for breakfast. (a or an)
- Please give me _____ apple. (a or an)
- I saw _____ small cat in the park. (a or an)
- Maria bought _____ umbrella. (a or an)
Test No. 3:
Vi. Tick (✔) the correct option.
- Asia is the largest continent in the world. (an/the)
- My cousin is a doctor. (the/a)
- There is an orange. (a/an)
- Bring me a bottle. (a/an) Sadia is an honest girl. (a/an)
- He quickly ate the cake (the/an)
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