There are three ways of forming feminine nouns. 


1) By using an entirely different word. 

Example:

Masculine Feminine            Masculine Feminine

boy  → girl                   father → mother

brother → sister             Gentlemen → lady

son → daughter             wizard → witch

horse → mare                dog→  bitch

drone → bee                   man → woman 

bull (ox) → cow               cock → hen 

drake → duck                 sir → madam


2). By adding -ess,  -ine, -trix, -a etc.

Example:

Masculine Feminine            Masculine Feminine

author → authoress            host → hostess 

actor → actress                   heir → heiress

prince → princess                lion → lioness 

hero → heroine                    Sultan → Sultana 

fox → vixen                        executor → executrix


Sometimes -ess is added by dropping the ending vowel.

Example:

Masculine Feminine            Masculine Feminine

emperor → empress             murderer → murderess

Master → mistress               waiter → waitress 

hunter → huntress               tiger → tigress


3) by placing words before or after:


Example:

Masculine         Feminine  

Grandfather → Grandmother 

Great uncle → Great aunt 

milkman  → milkwoman 

peacock → peahen 

salesman → saleswoman


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Easy English Grammar Notes

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