How Plurals are formed:

From Regular Nouns:

Regular nouns are easily made plural with a few simple changes such as adding 's' or 'es' at the end of the word.


👉 by adding 's' to the singular noun:

boy ↠ boys,                  desk â†  desks,  

girl â†  girls,                   Cow â†  Cows.


👉 by adding 'es' :

Class â†  classes,             box â†  boxes,  

branch â†  branches,      dish â†  dishes, 

tax â†  taxes,                  watch â†  watches

match â†  matches,         brush â†  brushes 


👉 Most nouns ending in -o forms plural by adding es:

buffalo â†  buffaloes,        mango â†  mangoes

potato â†  potatoes           hero â†  heroes 

volcano â†  volcanoes       echo â†  echoes 


👉 few nouns ending in -o and adds -s to form plural:

Solo â†  Solos                      logo â†  logos 

kilo â†  Kilos                       ratio â†  ratios

piano â†  pianos                 Commando â†  command 

photo â†  photos                 stereo â†  stereos


👉 noun ending with y preceded by a consonant, change y into i and add es:

baby â†  babies                 lady â†  ladies 

city â†  cities                     country â†  countries 

pony â†  ponies                 story â†  stories 

army â†  armies 


👉 Noun ending in 'f' or 'fe', form the plural by changing 'f' or 'fe' into 'v' and adding es:

thief â†  thieves                   wife â†  wives 

half â†  halves                     wolf â†  wolves 

self â†  selves                     leaf â†  leaves 

shelf â†  shelves                  knife â†  knives 


From Irregular Nouns:

Irregular nouns do not follow rules used for regular nouns.


The following rules are applied for irregular nouns.


👉 Some nouns charge into a plural by changing the inside vowel:

man â†  men                     foot â†  feet 

Woman â†  women             louse  â†  lice 

goose â†  geese                 tooth â†  teeth 


👉 There are few nouns that form the plural by adding en: 

Ox â†  Oxen                     child â†  children.


Nouns with no change:

There are some nouns that do not change their spelling to make their plurals.


Example:

deer, fish, sheep, hair, cattle, etc. 



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Easy English Grammar Notes

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