Class 10 Physics Unit-18: Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Solved MCQs With Verified Answers. (National Book Foundation 2022 as Federal Text Book, Islamabad)

1. One of the isotopes of uranium is U-239 has atomic number 92. Its nucleon number is

(a) 239
(b) 331
(c) 92
(d) 147

... Answer is (a) 239
Nucleon number or Mass number is the sum of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus.

2. When B-rays are emitted, the nuclear mass:

(a) Decreases by 4 units
(b) Does not change
(c) Increases by 2 units
(d) increases by 1 unit

... Answer is (b) Does not change
During β-decay, a Neutron is converted to a Proton, The sum of Proton and Neutron remain the same mass so no increase or decrease in the nuclear mass. However, the atomic number is increased by one.

3. Which particle has a large range in the air:

(a) Q-particles
(b) B-particles
(c) Ɣ particles
(d) Neutron

... Answer is (c) Ɣ particles
Ɣ-particles are massless and can travel much farther through the air than alpha or beta

4. Gamma rays from cobalt-60 are used for the treatment of:

(a) Circulation of blood
(b) Cancer
(c) Heart attack
(d) Thyroid glands

... Answer is (b) Cancer
-------------------

5. Which of the following will be absorbed by the paper?

(a) Alpha particle
(b) Beta particle
(c) Gamma Rays
(d) X-Rays

... Answer is (a) Alpha particle
Alpha particles are absorbed by the paper due to greater mass but beta particles, x-rays, and gamma rays can

6. Beta (B) particles are fast-moving:

(a) Electrons
(b) photons
(c) hydrogen nuclei
(d) helium nuclei

... Answer is (a) Electrons
-------------------

7. If the half-life of a radioactive element is one year, the percentage of sample decay after two years is: :

(a) 50 %
(b) 75 %
(c) 25 %
(d) 2 %

... Answer is (c) 25 %
If the half-life of a radioactive element is one year, 50% remains after 1 year (one half-life), 25% remains after 2 years (two half-lives)

8. The ionization power of ∝-particle is:

(a) Equal to β-particle
(b) equal to Ɣ-particle
(c) greater than β-particle
(d) less than β-particle

... Answer is (c) greater than β-particle
The ionization power of ∝-particle is the highest while the penetration power of Ɣ-particle is the highest among ∝, β and Ɣ-particles

9. . In the reaction, X + `\ _8^{17}O` → `\ _7^{14}N` + `\ _2^{4}He`, X is?

(a) `\ _1^{1}H`

(b) `\ _1^{2}H`

(c) `\ _1^{0}n`

(d) `\ _1^{-1}e`

... Answer is (a) `\ _1^{1}H`
By balancing the reaction `\ _1^{1}H` + `\ _8^{17}O` → `\ _7^{14}N` + `\ _2^{4}He`
 

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