VERB:

A word to express an action and state/ condition is called a verb. 


Action Verb: Action verb shows action.

Examples: 
He plays cricket.
The girl writes a letter. 
She is sleeping.



Non-Action Verb

Non-action verb shows state or condition.

He is a teacher.


Kinds of Verb:

Transitive Verb:

It is the verb that needs an object to convey its full sense/meaning.

Pakistani Definition and Recognition: Transitive Verb creates the question of WHAT and WHOM. Transitive Verbs must be action verbs.

Examples:

1. He wrote  ( What? ) a letter.
2. He ate   ( What? ) his lunch.
3. He helps ( Whom? ) me.
4. He drinks  ( What? ) milk.


Intransitive Verb:

These are the verbs that do not need an object as they are already complete in their sense.

Pakistani Definition and Recognition: Intransitive Verb does not create the question of WHAT and WHOM. They create the question of WHERE, HOW, WHEN, and WHY. An intransitive Verb is also an action verb.

Examples:

1. He slept.
3. He ran fast.
2. The baby wept.
4. He comes early.
5. He goes late.


Finite Verb:

The main verb which forms tense is called the finite verb.

Examples: 

1. He spoke well.
2. He won the race.
3. They destroyed their enemy.


Non-Finite Verb: 

The present participle, past participle, infinitive, and gerund are called Non-Finite Verbs.



Finite and non-finite verbs-worksheet

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

1. They were......................... for a place ......................... down. (look, sit)

2. We are ......................... .carefully because we didn't want..................... . (walk, fall) 

3. He ......................... abroad .......................... work. (go, find)

4. The doctor......................... him.....................  smoking. (advice stop)

5. The teacher ........................ the students .......................... their work. (ask, submit)
6. The stranger ..........................the shopkeeper ...................... him something to eat. (request, give)

7. The villagers were not......................   ........................... their routine. (will, change)

8. He ......................... to the market .............................. vegetables. (go, buy)

9. He must have ............................. out ........................................... (go, play)

10. We ................................   .............................. to a bigger home. ( want, move)



Past Participle: 

The third form of the verb is called past participle e.g. spoken, written, etc. It can be used as an adjective to modify nouns.



Present Participle: 

It is the "ing" form of the verb. It is used as an adjective or as a verb in the continuous and perfect continuous tense.





Gerund: 

It is the "ing" form of the verb which is used as a noun. It is called a verbal noun. By birth, it is a verb but it functions as a noun after adding "ing" to it.

Example:
1. Smoking kills us
2. Running makes us tough.

The similarity between Gerund and Present Participle:

Both are "ing" forms of verbs.


Difference between Gerund and Present Participle:

A gerund is a verbal noun while a Present Participle is a verbal adjective.


Infinitive: 

To + `\1^{st}`  form of the verb is called the infinitive.

Examples:

1. I was to leave now.
2. I have to study.
3. He is going to play a match.


Bare Infinitive: 

There are some verbs that do not take "to" with them. Bid, let, make, see, hear, need, and dare are bare infinitives.

Examples:
1. He made me stand.
2. He often sees me go.
3. He did not let us go.
4. I heard him say these words.
5. I watched him dance.


Modal Auxiliary:

A modal auxiliary is also called a modal or modal auxiliary verb. It is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality - that is likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation. Modals auxiliary are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would, and need. (need can also be a main verb).

Examples:

1. We can play football. 
2. We could play football. 
3. We may play football. 
4. We might play football.
5. We must play football.
6. We mustn't play football.
7. We needn't play football.   
8. We ought to play football. 
9. We shall play football. 
10. We should play football. 
11. We will play football.
12. We would play football.


Auxiliary Verb / Helping Verb

Auxiliary verbs/ helping verbs are used together with a main verb to show the verbs or to form a negative or question.

Examples:

1. He is writing an email to his client
2. Does he tell you everything?
3. The secretaries haven't written all the letters yet.

Form of the verb:

There are three forms of a verb. 

1st form (base form)

2nd form (past form)

3rd form (past participle form)


How 2nd and 3rd forms are formed from the base form of the verb:


From Regular verbs:

Regular verbs are easily made 2nd and 3rd forms by adding 'ed' or 'd' at the end of the word. 2nd and 3rd forms of regular verbs are the same.

Examples:

1st              2nd                3rd
Share         Shared          Shared
Scare         Scared           Scared
Dare           Dared           Dared
Kill             Killed            killed 


From irregular verbs:

In most cases, all (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) forms of irregular verbs are different while in a few cases 2nd and 3rd are the same.

Example:

wake (1st) ↠ woke (2nd) ↠ woken (3rd) (all form different)

forget (1st) ↠ forgot (2nd) ↠ forgotten (3rd) (all form different)

burn (1st) ↠ burnt (2nd) ↠ burnt (3rd) ( 2nd and 3rd are same)

sell (1st) ↠ sold (2nd) ↠ sold (3rd) ( 2nd and 3rd are same)


Verbs with no change (all forms are same):

There are some verbs that do not change their spelling to make their 2nd and 3rd form of verbs. 


Example:

put (1st) ↠ put (2nd) ↠ put (3rd)

run (1st) ↠ run (2nd) ↠ run (3rd)

cut (1st) ↠ cut (2nd) ↠ cut (3rd)



Linking Verb: 

Be is said to be linking and in "be" all members of be - is / are / am / was / were / been / being are included.

Linking verb links Subject with the Complement.

For example:

1. He is sad.        {"He" is the subject and sad is "Complement }
2. I am happy.
3. We are friends.
4. He was afraid.
5. They were pleased.


Form of Verb from Regular verbs:


Form of Verb from Irregular verbs:







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Easy English Grammar Notes

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