PRONOUN
It is a word that is used in place of a noun. For example, I, we, you, he, she, it, and they.
CASES OF PRONOUN:
The case of the pronoun tells us in which sense it is used in a sentence. It tells us which subjective case of pronoun is used as a subject or objective case of pronoun is used as an object in a sentence. The possessive case of the pronoun is used to show possession.
These pronouns have the following cases:
| Subjective Case | Possessive Case | Objective Case |
1st Person | I | Mine | Me |
We | Ours | Us | |
2nd Person | You | Yours | You |
3rd Person | He | His | Him |
She | Hers | Her | |
It | Its | It | |
They | Their | Them |
Examples:
1. I helped him. "I" as a subject and "him" as an object in the sentence.
2. He helped me. "He" as a subject and "Me" as an object in the sentence.
3. You told me "you" as a subject and "Me" as an object in the sentence.
4. They advised you. "They" as a subject and "you" as an object in the sentence.
5. She bought a book. "He" as a subject in the sentence.
6. It made me confident. "it" as a subject and "me" as an object in the sentence
7. I sold it. "I" as a subject and "it" as an object in the sentence.
Important Note:
Some pronouns are used as an adjective. They are my, your, his, her, their, and its.
Kinds of Pronouns:
1. Personal Pronouns:
They are the pronouns that are used in place of nouns.
For example I, we, you, they, he, and she.
2. Impersonal Pronoun:
"it" is called an impersonal pronoun when it works as an empty subject.
Examples:
3. It is 7 O'clock.
2. It is raining.
3. Emphatic Pronoun: (used after subject or object)
These are the pronouns that emphasize the subject.
Examples:
2. He himself invited me to tea.
3. We left Lahore ourselves.
4. You telephoned me yourself.
4. Reflexive Pronouns: (used after a verb)
They repeat the subject; with a reflexive pronoun, the subject and the object are the same. i.e. When the action done by the subject turns back (reflects) upon the subject.
Examples:
3. He avails himself of every opportunity.
4. He saw himself in the mirror.
5. We enjoyed ourselves at the zoo.
7. I will go myself.
8. Ali has hurt himself.
9. We hide ourselves.
5. Demonstrative Pronoun:
They are used to point out the objects to which they refer. This, that, those, and these are called demonstrative pronouns.
Examples:
2. That was his fault.
3. These are students.
4. Those are players.
6. Indefinite Pronouns:
Definite means clear (exact) and indefinite means unclear (inexact).
Indefinite pronouns refer to persons or things in a general way but don't refer to any particular person or thing.
Examples:
Someone, anyone, no-one, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, something, anything, nothing, everything, somewhere, no-where, anywhere, everywhere, less, much, one, any, all, more, most, some, such, either, neither, each, little, both, few, many, none, other, several.
7. Distributive Pronoun:
These pronouns are individually meant; it means they are used singly or refer to a person or things one at a time. For example, all, both, each, every, either, and neither are distributive pronouns.
2. Everyone will have a gift.
3. Neither is reliable.
4. Both will leave for Lahore
5. All are not Saints
7. Either of you can go.
8. The brothers quarreled with each other.
9. Neither of the roads leads to the railway station.
8. Reciprocal Pronoun:
Each other and one another are called reciprocal pronouns. Each other is used for two persons, things, and animals while one another is used for more than two.
2. They did not trust one another.
9. Interrogative Pronoun:
Who, whose, whom, which and what are called interrogative pronouns when they are used to ask questions in a single sentence.
10. Relative Pronoun:
They are the same pronouns which are called interrogative pronouns but they introduce clauses. For example
1. The boy who misbehaved is not my student.2. He is the person whose name is not known to me. 3. He asked me about the book which I had bought.
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6. 5th Class: Mathematics Notes
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2. 5th Class: Social Study (S.St.) Notes
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6. 5th Class: Mathematics Notes
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