Class 11 Computer Science (SLO Based) Notes 
For the Examination 2023-2024 and onwards under the 
Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad, Punjab Boards, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi Board, and All other boards in Pakistan and abroad. 
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Unit-1 

"Introduction to Computers"

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Brief/Long Response Questions and Answers:

Q2. What is Computer Software? Explain in Detail.

Ans: 

 

Computer Software:

Software is a set of instructions given to computers for performing tasks and solving problems. Also called programs. 

Examples: Word processors, spreadsheets, games, database management systems, etc.

 

Types of computer software:

Computer software can be classified into:

 

  1. System software
  2. Application software
  3. Internet applications
  4. Licensed software, open source software, shareware, and freeware.

 

1.       System software:

Software that controls and coordinates the activities of a computer system is called system software. It consists of programs designed to control hardware and manage software.

a)      Types of system software:

  1. Operating system
  2. Device drivers
  3. Utility software
  4. Language processors/ translators

1.      Operating system:

It controls and manages the hardware and software resources of the computer system and provides a user interface. A computer cannot work without an operating system.

Examples: Windows, LINUX, UNIX, MAC OS, Android, IOS, etc.

 

Tasks of the operating system:

  • Loading and execution of programs.
  • Allocating resources.
  • Memory management.
  • File management
  • Storage management
  • Providing user interface.
  • Maintain security.
  • Provide network facility.

 

2.      Device Drivers:

  • Software that controls the operation of hardware devices.
  • Any device attached to the computer will not work properly without device drivers.
  • Device drivers are provided by device manufacturers.
  • Plug and Play devices have their drivers preinstalled in Windows.

 

3.      Utility software:

  • Perform functions that are beyond the capability of the operating system.
  • Users can perform tasks easily and efficiently.

Examples: File manager, disk management utility, disk defragmenter, antivirus, file compression software, etc.

 

4.      Language processors/ translators:

  • Computer can only understand machine language which is in the form of 0 and 1.
  • Programs are written in assembly language or high-level language.
  • Language processors convert programs written in assembly or high-level language into machine language.

 

 

Types of Language Processors:

There are three types of language processors

Assembler: 

It translates assembly language programs into machine language.

Compiler: 

it converts a high-level language program into machine language. The entire program is converted into machine language using the compiler.

Interpreter: 

It also converts a high-level language program into machine language. It translates one instruction at a time goes to the next instruction after executing the previous one.

 

2.      Application software:

Application software is used to perform a particular task. For example word processors, games, spreadsheet software, etc. 

Examples:

  1. Productivity software.
  2. Business software.
  3. Entertainment software.
  4. Educational software.

 

1.      Productivity software:

  • Designed to perform daily activities effectively and efficiently.
  • Word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and graphic software are a few examples.

2.       Business software: 

  • It helps in performing business activities efficiently.
  • For example payroll, inventory, accounting, etc.

3.      Entertainment software:

  • It is used to entertain people
  • Examples: games,, media players, music software, etc.

4.      Educational software:

  • Used for learning purposes
  • Examples: teaching about the human body, solar system, languages, typing, etc

 

3.      Internet Applications:

  1. Web applications
  2. Cloud computing applications
  3. Social media network application

1.  Web applications:

  • These programs run on a remote server.
  • Users can interact with it using a browser or a client application.
  • Examples: e-mail services, online banking, online ticket reservations, etc.

2.  Cloud computing applications:

  • It supports cloud computing.
  • Users can access data and applications stored on a remote server using this application

Examples: iCloud, Dropbox, etc.

 

3.  Social media network application:

  • Social media allows people to create and exchange information, ideas, interests, etc.
  • It connects users with their friends, families, or colleagues.

Some popular Social media network applications are

 

i)  Facebook:

  • It is the most popular social media network application connecting billions of people around the world.
  • It allows users to create profiles, exchange messages, and share photos videos, and links.
  • Users can also create pages and groups based on common interests.

 

ii)  Twitter:

• It is a news and social networking service

• It allows users to broadcast short messages called tweets to other subscribers.

• People can share their views about current affairs or other topics.

 

iii)  WhatsApp;

  • It is a free messaging service to exchange text, photos, audio or video, etc.
  • It is very popular among people due to the features like audio and video call group chat, location sharing, etc.
  • Available for all smartphone operating systems (iPhone, Android, Nokia, etc.)

 

 

 

4.      Licensed software, open source software, shareware/trial ware freeware, and firmware.

1.  Licensed software:

  • A license is a legal agreement that gives the user the right to use the software.
  • Licensed software is protected by copyright laws.
  • One cannot make illegal copies of licensed software.
  • Software copied or sold without the permission of the owner is called pirated software.

Example: Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, etc.

 

2.  Open source software:

  • A software whose source code is available for users to study, change, or improve it.
  • It is free for inspection modification and distribution.

Examples: LINUX, Open Office, etc.


3.  Shareware/trial ware:

  • It is available free for a limited time period called a trial period.
  • After the trial period expires user has to purchase the software.
  • The trial version may have limited features or it stops working after it expires.

Examples: antivirus etc.



4.  Freeware:

  • It is available free with full features for unlimited time.
  • It may have some restrictions like personal or educational use.

Examples: Browsers, SKYPE, games, Viber, etc

 

5. Firmware:

  • The intermediate form between hardware and software
  • Software embedded in devices during manufacturing.
  • Programs stored in it do not need to be changed.
  • Data is not lost even when the power is off.

Examples: toys, appliances, ROM, etc.

 

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Please Select from below 👇👇

Unit 1: Overview of Computer System

Short (Q/A):-

Long (Detailed) (Q/A):-



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